HEREDITARY DISEASES	AVAILABLE TESTING
Patellar Luxation	Veterinary Evaluation of Patellar Luxation
Heart Disease	One of the following: Standard Congenital Cardiac Exam Color Doppler Echocardiogram (Preferred) Auscultation
Congenital Deafness	B.A.E.R. Hearing Test, performed by a Veterinary specialist. (Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response)
Kidney Disease - Polycystic Kidney Disease Hereditary Nephritis	PKD Ultrasound UPC Normal: 0.5 Up/Uc Ratio (0.3 Preferred) This test measures protein being spilled by kidneys into the urine.
Lethal Acrodermatitis	LAD Genetic Testing. Animals are orally swabbed and the swabs are sent out to be tested
Other Health concerns without commonly accepted screening protocols. Addison’s Disease Cushing’s Disease Gall Bladder Disease Atopic Dermatitis	No Current Genetic Test No Current Genetic Test No Current Genetic Test No Current Genetic Test

Note:

The provided list of health screenings is not exhaustive, and there are additional ongoing health studies which may result in other appropriate tests for Bull Terriers.

Also, it must be said that one of the major concerns, that causes the death of Bull Terriers, is the ingestion of foreign objects. This is not limited to Bull Terriers but given their stoic nature, they can be much sicker than you or your Veterinarian realize. Don’t wait it out, assume the worst…they are intestinally blocked!

Patterns of Inheritance:

Citations:

• De Risio L, Freeman J, Lewis T. Prevalence, heritability and genetic correlations of congenital sensorineural deafness and coat pigmentation phenotype in the English bull terrier. BMC Vet Res. 2016 Jul 22;12(1):146. doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0777-6. PMID: 27443656; PMCID: PMC4957289.


• Strain, George. (2015). The Genetics of Deafness in Domestic Animals. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2. 1-20. 10.3389/fvets.2015.00029.


• Deafness in Animals By George M. Strain , PhD, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Reviewed/Revised Jan 2020 | Modified Oct 2022


• Hereditary Deafness in Dogs and Cats: Causes, Prevalence, and Current Research, Strain, George & Hereditaria, Sordera & Perros, En & Gatos,. (2023). Hereditary Deafness in Dogs and Cats.


• Bauer A, Jagannathan V, Ho¨gler S, Richter B, McEwan NA, Thomas A, et al. (2018) MKLN1 splicing defect in dogs with lethal acrodermatitis. PLoS Genet 14(3): e1007264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007264


• Kidney International, Vol. 47 (1995), pp. 758—765 Bull terrier hereditary nephritis: A model for autosomal dominant Alport syndrome JENNIFER C. Hooci, JUDY SAVIGE, ANNE HENDTLASS, MARY M. KLEPPEL, CLIVE R. HUXTABLE, and WAYNE F. ROBINSON


• Inherited Kidney Diseases in Dogs and Cats, Tufts' Canine and Feline Breeding and Genetics Conference, 2005, George E. Lees, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas


• Addison’s Disease in Dogs: https://www.facebook.com/groups/addisonsdiseaseindogs


• Michigan State University Low dose DOCP Study: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.16195


• Dechra European Zycortal Symposium: https://dechra.cld.bz/Zycortal-Symposium-Proceedings


• Vincent AM, Okonkowski LK, Brudvig JM, et al. Low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med. 2021;35(4): 1720–1728. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16195 1728 VINCENT ET AL. 19391676, 2021, 4, Downloaded from
  https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16195, Wiley Online Library on [04/09/2023].

Links:

• Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA): http://www.ofa.org


• Canine Health Information Center (CHIC): http://www.caninehealthinfo.org/

Addison’s Disease in Dogs: https://www.facebook.com/groups/addisonsdiseaseindogs